Reflection in week 4

              Philosophycal Foundations of Curriculum

In this week i have learned about philosophycal foundation of curriculum. Philosophy is the combination of the Greek word "Philos" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom) which translated means "love of wisdom". people who seek after wisdom and curious about the world seeking to understand the nature of things. while the Philosophy of education is recognises that the development of a civil society depend on the education of the young as responsible, thoughtful and interprising citizens which is challenging task requiring deep understanding of ethical principle, moral values, political theory, aesthetics and economic. Not to mention an understanding of children themselves.

* Most of the prominent philosophers:

1. Plato                                                                                                              

                                                          

    2. Aristotle                                               

3. Rousseau                                                                                                  

                                                

4. Dewey 

5. Adler

6. Confucius

7. Al Farabi

8. Tagore

Most of this philosophers have been key voices in philosophy of education and have contributed to our basic understanding of what education is can be. Beside that, they also provided powerful critical perspective revealing the problems in educations.

*Philosophy and curriculum

The beginning point in curriculum decision making and is the basis for all subsequent decision regarding curriculum.

* Tyler's views of philosophy in relationship to school purpose.

* Major Philosophies

There are 4 types of major philosophies such as; idealism, realism, pragmatism and existentialism.

1. Idealism

- Search for truth and values that will stand the test of time.

- Group of philosophies which assert that reality or reality is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed or otherwise immaterial.

- Truth&values are seen as a absolute, timeless and universal.

- Idealists stress the importance of learning ideas and concept.

- Believe in reasoning.

2. Realism

- People can come to know the world through their sense

- Use scientific method

- Focus on the physical world, arguing that reality, knowledge and value exist independent of the mind.

- Realists believe that school promote human rationality through observation and experiment.

• Realism Vs Idealism

3. Pragmatism

- Experimentalism, based on change, process, and realitivity.

- knowledge as a process.

- Focus on the ideas of change.

- Believe that knowing represents an exchange between the learner and environment.

- Believe that truth and values are always changing because the people who have those value change with the surrounding environment. 

4. Existentialism

* Educational philosophy

There are also have four types of educational philosophy which is perennialism, essentialism, progressivsm and reconstructionism.

* Educational philosophies

•  Rationalism

      - reality is constructed.

• Pragmastism

      - truth for now.

• Empiricism

      - reality is objective and singular.

5. Adventist

- philosophical based: theism

- aim: restoration of man to god's image

- knowledge: bible values

- focus: Spritual, physical